Glossary of Personal Injury Law Terms
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Tangible Personal Property Memorandum (TPPM): A legal document that is referred to in a will and used to guide the distribution of tangible personal property.Temporary Relief: Any form of action by a court granting one of the parties an order to protect its interest pending further action by the court.
Temporary Restraining Order: A judge's order
forbidding certain actions until a full hearing can be held.
Usually of short duration. Often referred to as a TRO.
Technical Errors: Errors committed during a trial
that have not prejudiced the losing party's rights and
therefore are not grounds for reversal on appeal.
Testamentary Capacity: The legal ability to make a will.
Testamentary Trust: A trust set up by a will.
Testator: Person who makes a will (female: testatrix).
Testimony: Evidence delivered by a witness at trial either orally at trial or in the written form of an affidavit or deposition.
Third Party: A person, business, or government
agency not actively involved in a legal proceeding,
agreement, or transaction.
Third Party Benefit:. In insurance law, third party
benefits refer to the amount of available coverage that the
at-fault party has in bodily injury and property damage.
Third Party Lawsuit: In workers' compensation law,
when an injury is caused by the act or failure to act of a
party other than the employer, that party is the "third
party," and the injured worker may file a lawsuit against
that party. An example of a third party lawsuit in workplace
injury would be a products liability suit against the
manufacturer of a defective tool.
Third Party litigation: When a lawsuit is brought
against a defendant and that defendant wants to add another
party to the suit, the original defendant may file a “third
party complaint” which results in a third party litigation
or lawsuit.
Third-Party Claim: An action by the defendant that
brings a third party into a lawsuit.
Thrombotic Stroke: Occurs when a blood clot forms in
an artery and blocks blood flow to the brain.
Tipstaff: Court-appointed officer whose duty it is to
serve the judge in a variety of ways while court is in
session. See bailiff.
Title: Legal ownership of property, usually real property or automobiles.
Tort: In civil law, generally, a wrong or injury committed against a person or property. A tort does not include breach of contract.
Tort-Feasor: One who commits a tort.
Tortious: Having the quality of a tort; the wrongdoer.
Total Disability: In a workers' compensation case, this is the compensation paid when an injured employee is totally impaired due to a work-related injury. Benefits at the total disability rate are generally two-thirds of wages up to a maximum compensation rate
Transcript: Official written copy of proceedings in a case, including hearings, depositions, and trial. Usually made by a court reporter.
Traumatic Brain Injury: An insult to the brain caused by an external physical force that may produce a diminished or altered state of consciousness that results in an impairment of cognitive abilities or physical functioning and/or a disturbance of behavioral or emotional functioning.
Trespasser: In civil law, a person who enters land without invitation, permission or privilege.
Trial: The judicial examination and determination of issues between the parties to an action.
Trial Calendar: List maintained by the clerk of court or the trial judge of cases awaiting trial, which includes trial dates, names of attorneys representing parties, and other such information.
Trial Court: The first court to hear the case, as opposed to an appellate court which hears appeals of decisions made in trial courts.
Trust: A legal device used to manage real or personal property, established by one person (the grantor or settlor) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary). A third person (the trustee) or the grantor manages the trust.
Trust Agreement or Declaration: The legal document that sets up a living trust. Testamentary trusts are set up in a will.
Trustee: The person or institution that manages the property put in trust.
